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How To Model Operating Expenses

Updated over a week ago

The Expenses section in IntellCRE helps you capture, forecast, and model property operating expenses. Whether you’re entering data manually, uploading a T12, P&L, or using the AutoEstimate feature, you have full flexibility to align expenses with your underwriting strategy.

This guide walks through the different ways to model operating expenses:


1. Getting Started

When setting up a new analysis, you’ll be prompted to upload documents such as:

  • T12 (Trailing 12 Months) financials

  • Rent Roll

  • Offering Memorandum (OM)

  • Profit & Loss statements

If you haven’t uploaded them yet, you can always upload directly in the Expenses section.


2. Entering Expenses

Option A: Type In Expenses

  1. Add an expense category name (e.g., Utilities).

  2. Choose a basis for the expense:

    • Annual

    • Monthly

    • Per Square Foot

    • Per Unit

    • % of Gross Operating Income (GOI)

    • % of Property Value

  3. Enter the current expense value.

  4. Enter proforma expense value (same or different from current).

  5. Save your defaults if you prefer certain bases and for recurring expense types.

Tip 1: Property Taxes are modeled separately by default but you can add them as a new category and disable property taxes in the options for the section.

Tip 2: You can set your default categories of expenses in the platform Settings as well as default bases and values for these categories (i.e. Property management - 5% of GOI)

Option B: Upload Expenses

  • Upload a T12 (spreadsheet or PDF), and the system will automatically populate all expenses. Choose between parsing out individual line items or whole categories of expenses.

  • This is the fastest and most accurate way to load expenses when such documents are available.

Option C: Auto-Estimate Expenses

  • Use this option if you don’t have financials on hand.

  • The platform pulls live operational data from comparable properties in the same market and market averages to estimate expenses.

  • Ideal for quick underwriting or early-stage deal screening.


3. Modeling Property Taxes

Property taxes can be entered or estimated in several ways:

  • Direct Entry → Enter last year’s annual tax amount.

  • AutoEstimate → System calculates based on property value and local tax rates.

  • Advanced Tax Modeling → Enable advanced options to:

    • Set reassessment years (e.g., reassessment in Year 2)

    • Model reassessment upon sale

    • Apply tax credits

    • Adjust annual tax growth rate


4. Advanced Expense Options

Enable Advanced Options to unlock:

  • Per-Expense Growth Rates → Assign unique growth rates to individual expenses (e.g., Utilities +8%, Insurance +3%).

  • Expense Offsets → Delay pro forma expenses by several months (useful for ground-up developments or properties under renovation).

Tip: For ground-up development projects, set current expenses to zero and offset proforma expenses based on the development and stabilization schedule. I.e. if property starts stabilization in month 12 after acquisition data and fully stabilizes in month 24, offset proforma expenses by 18 months to accurately capture expenses in Year 2.


5. Renovation & CapEx Projects

Use the Renovation/Construction Expenses subsection to model renovations or capital projects:

  1. Add a project name (e.g., Unit Rehab).

  2. Enter the budget (total, per SF, or per unit basis).

  3. Set the timeline (e.g., 6 months).

  4. Specify if the project:

    • Affects vacancy (e.g., units offline during renovation)

    • Generates a rent premium (e.g., $200/unit increase after rehab)

  5. Assign specific units to the project using the rent roll filters (e.g., only 1-bedroom units below $1,900 rent).

  6. Add the Renovation & Capex Funding Method (source of capital)

    1. When modeling renovation or CapEx projects, choose how they will be funded:

      • Cash Flow → Uses property’s monthly cash flow first; shortfalls are covered by working capital.

      • Working Capital → Costs are allocated upfront at acquisition.

      • Raised → Costs must be manually factored in elsewhere (e.g., additional acquisition costs, working capital, or financing assumptions).

CapEx projects (e.g., solar panels, EV chargers) differ because they do not have a timeline — costs are applied immediately after acquisition.


7. Expense Totals & Outputs

At the bottom of the section, you’ll see:

  • Total Current vs. Proforma Expenses

  • Expense Ratios (as % of GOI)

  • Cash Flow Previews (by opening the bottom panel on Expenses or Cashflow)


Tips & Troubleshooting

  • Always upload a T12 if available for the most accurate results.

  • Use AutoEstimate for quick “back-of-the-envelope” underwriting.

  • Double-check funding source selections for renovation/CapEx projects — this impacts acquisition assumptions and affects the return metrics.

  • Use the Reset button (top right) to clear and restart the section if needed.

  • Use the right side bar to confirm total current and proforma expenses and Net Operating Income (NOI) are correct


If you have any questions while working through this section, click the Support button in the platform or reach out to our team—we’re here to help!

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